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AREAS AT RISK FOR CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS3

Mosquito-borne chikungunya disease has become more frequent and widespread across Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas.3
According to a study, 18.7 million chikungunya cases in 110 countries were identified between 2011 and 2020.8
Over 75% of the world’s population is estimated to live in areas at risk of chikungunya (according to 2015 estimates).9
Areas of greatest risk for travellers are the Americas, parts of Africa, and Southeast Asia.10
Recent outbreaks in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay support predictions that climate change may be expanding the distribution of chikungunya virus. This expansion increases the potential risk of epidemic transmission in highly populated temperate regions such as the United States, China, and continental Europe.11
Countries with outbreaks or evidence of chikungunya virus transmission to humans within the last 5 years (as of November 8, 2024)10

Current outbreak of chikungunya
Maharashtra and Telangana, India (as of December 19, 2024)

Evidence of transmission within the last 5 years

Adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024).10

Countries with most cases
Chikungunya in Canada
India chikungunya outbreak
SYMPTOMS
In 2024, the majority of countries reporting high chikungunya disease burden are located in South and Central America.12
Countries reporting the highest number of cases are:12
Brazil (407,250)
Paraguay (3104)
Argentina (768)
Bolivia (451)
Chikungunya in travellers returning to Canada13
According to a Surveillance report from CanTravNet (surveillance data, 2006 to 2015). During the study period, 22,387 ill travellers and immigrants presented to a CanTravNet site and, of these, 118 (0.5%) received a diagnosis of chikungunya.*

CARIBBEAN

The Caribbean was the most likely source region for diagnoses of chikungunya.13

≤2 WEEKS

Half of ill-returned travellers with chikungunya acquired the infection during trips of ≤2 weeks duration.13

89%

89% of ill-returned travellers with chikungunya had a musculoskeletal-presenting complaint, while only 54% reported fever as their presenting symptom, and 30% complained of a chikungunya-associated rash.13

CHRONIC ARTHROPATHY

41 (34.7%) ill-returned travellers with chikungunya presented for care at a CanTravNet site within 28 days of travel, while 28 (23.7%) presented ≥60 days post-travel, and 16 (13.6%) presented ≥90 days post-travel, supporting that many travellers presented for care of chronic arthropathic symptoms.4,13,14

CO-INFECTIONS

Co-infections, which may have overlapping or entirely different symptoms to chikungunya, may complicate the initial diagnostic assessment.13

IXCHIQ™ does not treat chikungunya or its symptoms, or complications such as musculoskeletal-presenting complaints or chronic arthropathic symptoms.
* This analysis pertains only to the sample of ill-returned travellers who presented to a CanTravNet centre which captured ~15.4% of total reported chikungunya cases in Canada through the NML over the eight-year period between 2006 and 2014.
Chikungunya virus outbreak in Maharashtra and Telangana, India (as of December 19, 2024)15
As of December 19, 2024, there is an outbreak of chikungunya in the states of Maharashtra and Telangana, India.
The CDC issued at Level 2 Health Alert Network Health Advisory to warn clinicians, travellers, and public health authorities to practice enhanced precautions.15
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